SPECIFIC RESISTANCE 1. This is Ohm's Law.

Resistivity, commonly symbolized by the Greek letter rho, ρ, is quantitatively equal to the resistance R of a specimen such as a wire, multiplied by its cross-sectional area A, and divided by its length l; ρ = RA/l.The unit of resistance is the ohm.In the metre-kilogram-second (mks) system, the ratio of area in square metres to length in metres simplifies to just metres. The Resistance “R” is dependent on the Temperature of the conductor.Note:- It is found that among physical factors Temperature plays the most significant factor in determining the resistance  but other physical factors like Pressure and Tension also effect the resistance of a substance.If we do not change the temperature of the conductor or neglect it’s effect then we can come into conclusion that:The resistance of a substance is directly proportional to it’ length divided by it’s cross sectional area.When L = 1 Meter and A = 1 Meter square Or when the material takes in of length 1 meter and it’s cross sectional area is one meter square as shown on the figure below then , So the specific resistance of a substance can be defined as the resistance between the opposite faces of a meter cube of that material.From the equations derived above we can derive the formula for resistivity as: Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. What is resistivity?

It is possible to produce a plasma that is not quasineutral. Thus the interior of a metal is filled up with a large number of unattached electrons that travel aimlessly around like a crowd of displaced persons. A conductor is anything that can conduct electricity. The Resistance “R” is dependent on the Nature of the material.4.

Combining these two laws we get, Where, ρ (rho) is the proportionality constant and known as resistivity or specific resistance of the material of the conductor or substance.

Calcium and the alkali metals have the best resistivity-density products, but are rarely used for conductors due to their high reactivity with water and oxygen (and lack of physical strength). It depends on the number of free electrons, and size of the atoms of the materials, types of bonding in the materials and many other factors of the material structures. Its unit is Ωm. If the electric field is constant, the electric field is given by the total voltage If the current density is constant, it is equal to the total current divided by the cross sectional area: The resistivity of all materials is not the same. Or, An important part of band theory is that there may be forbidden bands of energy: energy intervals that contain no energy levels.

In the early days, ... obeying Ohm's law. Ohm’s Law: Resistivity Abstract The Ohm’s Law presents the logic that the voltage in conductor is directly proportional to the current.

The resistance of any substance depends on the following factors,The resistance of a substance is directly proportional to the length of the substance. The Resistance “R” is directly proportional with it’s length “L”2.

Ohms Law states that when a voltage (V) source is applied between two points in a circuit, ... is known as Resistivity.

Resistance Laws - Free download as Word Doc (.doc), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Most metals have electrical resistance.

If the substance in nonmetallic, with increasing temperature, the more covalent bonds are broken, these cause more free electrons in the material. Now if we put, L = 1 and A = 1 in the equation, we get, R = ρ. Ohm’s law states that the voltage or potential difference between two points is directly proportional to the current or electricity passing through the resistance, and directly proportional to the resistance of the circuit.The formula for Ohm’s law is V=IR.This relationship between current, voltage, and relationship was discovered by German scientist Georg Simon Ohm. Change in resistivity vs. temperature can be calculated as. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the In an ideal case, cross-section and physical composition of the examined material are uniform across the sample, and the electric field and current density are both parallel and constant everywhere. Where ρ is called rho .it is a constant and is known as resistivity or specific resistance of a material. These are the length, cross-section, material, and temperature of the substance. Hi friends, this post is about the laws of resistance and resistivity.. Laws of Resistance. Many The resistance of a given material is proportional to the length, but inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area. dρ = ρ α dt (5) where . Since the choice of the coordinate system is free, the usual convention is to simplify the expression by choosing an If the electric field is parallel to the applied current, where is the density of charge carriers (the number of carriers in a unit volume), is the charge of one carrier, The material's electrons seek to minimize the total energy in the material by settling into low energy states; however, the Electric current consists of a flow of electrons.

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