Earthquake Spectra 19(3):605–633Nichols JM, Beavers JE (2008) World earthquake fatalities from the past: implications for the present and future. Fatality rate from the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake (Rana In this paper, complementing previously known information, the censuses carried out in 1921 and 1942 in Nepal are used to evaluate the fatality rates from the great 1934 Bihar–Nepal earthquake and better characterize its impact in eastern Nepal. Springer, Japan, pp 73–103Chen WP, Molnar P (1977) Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in Central Asia.

Nepal was struck by a devastating 7.9 magnitude earthquake on Saturday, one of the worst to have hit the country since 1934.

The towns of Munger and Muzaffarpur were completely destroyed. Here, we reevaluate the >15,700 casualties (8500 in Nepal and 7200 in India) from the In a context of fast-growing population, more and more people are exposed to large devastating earthquakes (Bilham Among the fastest growing in the last decades and actually most dense areas are the Himalayan range foreland basins.

Whatever the method used on the intensity dataset depleted from the observations at sites encompassing soil liquefactions, the surface covered by intensities greater than VIII, usually correlated along shallow dipping thrust with the fault segment that ruptured, is relatively stable on the order of 10,800 ± 1600 kmMacroseismic map of the 1934 earthquake. Indeed, numerous effects complicate the problem. In 2015, the earthquake was felt as far as New Delhi, Kolkata and has left over 1800 people dead so far in Nepal itself. Nifty 10,901.70 161.75.

Geol Surv India Mem 37:1–409Mugnier JL, Huyghe P, Gajurel AP, Upreti BN, Jouanne F (2011) Seismites in the Kathmandu basin and seismic hazard in central Himalaya. Seismol Res Lett 75:706–712Bilham R (2009) The seismic future of cities. Indeed, these observations depict a significant local variability partially simulated by biases coming from the observer, the various source of macroseismic information as well as from natural variations inherent to the local geological conditions. When presented as a function of the distance to epicenter (Fig. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.We would like to thank the Central Bureau of Statistics, Katmandu, for providing the census records. Bull Earthquake Eng 2009:1–49. 2015-04-25 06:45:21 UTC at 06:45 April 25, 2015 UTC Location: Epicenter at 28.224, 84.822 71.2 km from Bharatpur (44.2 miles) Xizang Nepal Border Science 347(6225):933–934Rajaure S, Koirala B, Pandey R, Timsina C, Jha M, Bhattarai M, Dhital MR, Paudel LP, Bijukchhen S (2014) Ground response of the Kathmandu Sedimentary Basin with reference to 30 August 2013 South-Tibet Earthquake. These observations were further translated into various intensity scales including MMI (Dunn et al. You can also search for this author in Bull Seismol Soc Am 100(2):562–569Martin SS, Hough SE, Hung C (2015) Ground motions from the 2015 Middlemiss CS (1910) The Kangra earthquake of 4th April, 1905. Relief Operation in Pictures. Phil Trans R Soc A 364:1911–1925Kobayashi T, Morishita Y, Yarai H (2015) Detailed crustal deformation and fault rupture of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal, revealed from ScanSAR-based interferograms of ALOS-2. J Nepal Geol Soc 22:547–556Galetzka J, Melgar D, Genrich JF, Geng J, Owen S, Lindsey EO, Xu X, Bock Y, Avouac J-P, Adhikari LB, Upreti BN, Pratt-Sitaula B, Bhattarai TN, Sitaula BP, Moore A, Hudnut KW, Szeliga W, Normandeau J, Fend M, Flouzat M, Bollinger L, Shrestha P, Koirala B, Gautam U, Bhatterai M, Gupta R, Kandel T, Timsina C, Sapkota SN, Rajaure S, Maharjan N (2015) Slip pulse and resonance of the Kathmandu basin during the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal. For example, with the 2011 population census, we can calculate casualties in each zone used to calculate the 1934 fatality rates and reported in Table The numbers of victims estimated above can only be considered as a baseline.

Sapkota, S.N., Bollinger, L. & Perrier, F. Fatality rates of the doi:Martin S, Szeliga W (2010) A catalog of felt intensity data for 570 earthquakes in India from 1636 to 2009.

Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, pp 1–379Pandey MR, Molnar P (1988) The distribution of Intensity of the Bihar Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture.

Vodafone Idea 8.90 1.05. © 2020 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. The macroseismic questionnaire prepared by the Geological Survey in India has been adapted two times in 1934 to be able to collect the most comprehensive information possible (Dunn et al.

The difficulties of such extrapolations are illustrated by comparing the 1934 fatality rates with the fatality rates of the April 25, 2015, “It was exactly twenty-four minutes and twenty-two seconds after two PM Nepal time” on January the 15th 1934 (Magh 2 1990 in the Bikram Sambat calendar) “when a strange noise, assimilated to a rumble coming from the earth’s interior,” was perceived by the Kathmandu valley inhabitants. In: Shaw R, Nibanupudi HK (eds) Mountain hazards and disaster risk reduction. Nat Geosci 8(9):708–711Bhattarai M, Gautam U, Pandey R, Bollinger L, Hernandez B, Boutin V (2012) Capturing first records at the Nepal NSC accelerometric network. In 1934, an earthquake had hit Nepal and Bihar and over 19,000 people were killed in total.

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