Case weights were applied and Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity prevalence, and mean fasting plasma glucose and BMI (and their standard errors, The 1978 and 1991 NCDRF surveys were designed to examine NCD risk factor differences between indicative samples of urban and rural areas.



The 2010 GWAS aimed to recruit a nationally representative sample, but was over‐represented by the Rest of Upolu and Savai'i Divisions, and older age groups. Period trends for mean fasting plasma glucose and mean BMI were analysed using linear meta‐regression.A sensitivity analysis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity trends from meta‐regression was for all eight surveys compared with six surveys that excluded the 1991 and 1995 SACRF surveys – from which prevalence was adjusted to incorporate estimates of known Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertensive cases that were omitted at the participant selection stage.Because population subgroup Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity were adjusted using ratios in the 1991 and 1995 SACRF yielding count data, strata analysis (using Poisson regression) of the combined surveys was undertaken. These surveys were adjusted accordingly using case weights described above.The 2002 STEPS survey did not include participants from North West Upolu. Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence in Samoa is likely to continue to increase in the near future.The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2010 estimated that global age‐standardized diabetes mortality increased from 16.3 to 19.5/100 000 over 1990–2010 Over the past three decades, non‐communicable disease (NCD) surveys have been conducted in Samoa, each with somewhat different methods and definitions of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, which has prevented accurate estimations of period trends This study calculates comparable population‐based Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity measures from empirical surveys to produce prevalence period trends (1978–2013), and projects Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity prevalence in Samoa to 2020.Survey inclusion criteria were: (a) contain blood glucose and Type 2 diabetes mellitus information, and anthropometric measurements; (b) can be disaggregated by age, sex and Division of residence; and (c) designed to be nationally representative, or could be adjusted to reflect national demographic characteristics.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) (a,b) and obesity (c,d) trends in Samoan men and women aged 25–64 years, 1978–2013. Type 2 diabetes mellitus period trends attributable to BMI increase are estimated as 31% (men) and 16% (women), after adjusting for age.This is the first study to produce trends of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in Samoa based on standardized data from population surveys. The 2002 and 2011 STEPS surveys measured glucose from capillary (whole) blood specimens using a point‐of‐care device. It’s just that in the Samoan islands, the crisis is superconcentrated.

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